1. Action at a specific time in the past:

EX: At 10 p.m last night, I was reading a book.

2. Interrupted action in the past:

EX: I was driving when the phone rang.

3. Simultaneous actions:

EX: While they were studying, we were playing outside.

Affirmative:
                    S + was/were + V-ing

• I was working in the 
• They were playing.

Negative:
                    S + was/were + not + V-ing

• She wasn’t sleeping.
• We weren’t talking.

Question:
                    (Wh-) + was/were + S + V-ing?

• Was he running?
• What were you doing at 7 p.m?

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.

1. She _______ (talk) on the phone when I arrived.
2. At 5 PM yesterday, we _______ (watch) a movie.
3. While you _______ (sleep), I was finishing my homework.
4. They _______ (not listen) to the teacher during the class.

B. Rewrite the sentences in Past Continuous tense.

1. He works on his project.
2. They eat lunch at 1 PM.
3. She doesn’t answer the phone.

C. Identify the mistakes and correct them.

1. He was sleep when the alarm rang.
2. They was playing football at the park.

D. Create sentences using these prompts.

1. (She/read/at 9 a.m)
2. (We/not/watch TV/last night)
3. (What/you/do/yesterday/at noon?)

1. Action completed before another:

EX: He had left the office before she arrived.

2. Cause and effect in the past:

EX: The floor was wet because someone had spilled water.

3. Experiences up to a past time:

EX: By the time I turned 18, I had visited three countries.

4. Reported speech in the past:

EX: She said that she had already read the book.

Affirmative:
                   S + had + V-ed/V3

• I had eaten pizza before lunch.
• They had visited the museum.

Negative:
                  S + had not (hadn’t) + V-ed/V3

• She hadn’t seen the movie before.
• We hadn’t met before that day.

Question:
                   (Wh-) + had + S + V-ed/V3?

• Had he called before you arrived?
• Where had they gone?

1. By the time we got to the station, the train _______ (leave).
2. She didn’t pass the test because she _______ (not study).
3. They _______ (finish) their homework before going out.
4. The teacher _______ (not explain) the topic before the quiz.
5. He was upset because he _______ (forget) his wallet at home.
6. The children _______ (not eat) anything before they went to bed.
7. After the students _______ (complete) the test, the teacher collected their papers.
8. The baby _______ (fall) asleep before his parents returned home.